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Combe Down is a village suburb of Bath, England in the Bath and North East Somerset unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Somerset. Combe Down sits on a ridge above Bath approximately 1.5 miles to the south of the city centre. "Combe" or "coombe" is a word meaning a steep-sided valley derived from Old English cumb and ultimately from the same Brythonic source as the Welsh cwm. Down comes from the Old English dūn, dūne, shortened from adūne ‘downward’, from the phrase of dūne ‘off the hill’.〔Online Etymology Dictionary (【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=down )〕 Combe Down village is immediately to the South of large areas of natural woodland (Fairy Wood, Long Wood, Klondyke Copse, Rainbow Wood) with many public footpaths offering magnificent views overlooking the City of Bath. The woods are managed by the National Trust and incorporate the famous Bath Skyline Walk. To the south of the village are spectacular views overlooking Midford Valley. Combe Down village sits above an area of redundant 18th and 19th century stone quarries bought by Ralph Allen in the 1720s. These quarries were fully infilled and stabilised during a central government-funded project which took place between 2005 and 2010.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Combe Down Stone Mines project )〕 Combe Down village was started by Ralph Allen in about 1729 when De Montfort Place was built to house some of his quarry workers. He later had a Palladian mansion, Prior Park, built for himself from 1738. This has now become the main building for Prior Park College and some of the land from his estate has become Prior Park Landscape Garden owned by the National Trust. Combe Down includes the original village consisting predominantly of 18th and 19th century Bath stone built villas, terraces and workers' cottages; the post World War II Foxhill estate of former council houses; and a range of Georgian, Victorian and 20th century properties along both sides of North Road and Bradford Road. Formerly part of the Parish of Monkton Combe, Combe Down village was incorporated into the city of Bath in the 1950s. From 1940 to 2011 the Admiralty (later part of the Ministry of Defence) had a 46 acre site at Foxhill on the Bradford Road. In 2013 Curo, a non profit housing organization, bought the site to develop 700 new homes, open spaces and community facilities to be called Mulberry Park. == History and Governance == John Leland, the 16th century antiquarian and traveller, wrote that he approached Bath from Midford ‘...And about a Mile farther I can to a Village and passd over a Ston Bridge where ranne a litle broke there & they caullid Midford-Water..2 good Miles al by Mountayne and Quarre and litle wood in syte...’ which could be a reference to quarrying around Horsecombe Vale, between Midford and Combe Down By 1700 little had changed Combe Down, had little habitation and some small open stone quarries. Most of the land and the quarries were purchased by Ralph Allen in 1726.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Combe Down Heritage Society )〕 In 1791 John Collinson describes Combe Down as still undeveloped: "On the summit of Combedown a mile northward from the church (), among many immense quarries of fine free stone, are large groves of firs, planted by the late Ralph Allen, esq; for the laudable purpose of ornamenting this (at that time rough and barren) hill. Among these groves is a neat range of buildings belonging to this parish. It consists of eleven houses (Montalt Place ), built of wrought stone, raised on the spot ; each of which has a small garden in front. These were originally built for the workmen employed in the quarries, but are now chiefly let to invalids from Bath who retire hither for the sake of a very fine air-, (probably rendered more salubrious by the Plantation of firs) from which many have received essential benefit. The surrounding beautiful and extensive prospects ; the wild, but pleasing irregularities of the surface and scenery, diversified with immense quarries, fine open cultivated fields, and extensive plantations of firs...". From 1800 D. Lee Pitcairn and Alfred Richardson state that: "The houses in Isabella Place were built about 1800, and in 1805 when the De Montalt Mills were founded cottages were erected in Quarry Bottom and Davidges Bottom to take the place of wooden booths which labourers and workmen had hitherto occupied for the day and in which they had sometimes slept during the week.. From this time onwards the place began to develop little by little... In 1829 when the Combe Down quarries were disposed of by Mrs. Cruickshank, building further increased...". The population increased from 1,600 in 1841 to 2,372 in 1901 〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=combedown.org )〕 and was 5,419 in 2011,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Census 2011 )〕 though these numbers may not cover exactly the same geographical area as there have been a number of boundary changes and local government changes for Combe Down. * Before 1854: part of the ecclesiastical parish of Monkton Combe in the diocese of Bath and Wells and the civil hundred of Bath Forum in Somerset * From 1854 part of the ecclesiastical parish of Combe Down in the diocese of Bath and Wells 〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Forbears )〕 and the civil hundred of Bath Forum in Somerset * Following the Public Health Act 1875 part of the ecclesiastical parish of Combe Down in the diocese of Bath and Wells and the civil hundred of Bath Forum in Somerset and Bath Rural Sanitary District * Following the Local Government Act 1894 part of the ecclesiastical parish of Combe Down in the diocese of Bath and Wells and the civil parish of Monkton Combe in Bath Rural District Council in Somerset * Following the Local Government Act 1933 part of the ecclesiastical parish of Combe Down in the diocese of Bath and Wells and the civil parish council of Monkton Combe in Bathavon Rural District Council in Somerset * Following the Local Government Commission for England (1958–1967) from 1967 part of the ecclesiastical parish of Combe Down in the diocese of Bath and Wells and the county borough of Bath * Following the Local Government Act 1972 from 1974 part of the ecclesiastical parish of Combe Down in the diocese of Bath and Wells and the district of Bath in the county of Avon * Following the Avon (Structural Change) Order 1995 from 1996 part of the ecclesiastical parish of Combe Down in the diocese of Bath and Wells and the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset Bath and North East Somerset was created in 1996 by the Local Government Act 1992. It provides local government with responsibility for almost all functions including local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection, recycling, cemeteries, crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism. It is also responsible for education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, Trading Standards, waste disposal and strategic planning, although fire, police and ambulance services are provided jointly with other authorities through the Avon Fire and Rescue Service, Avon and Somerset Constabulary and the Great Western Ambulance Service. Bath and North East Somerset's area covers part of the ceremonial county of Somerset but it is administered independently of the non-metropolitan county. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Combe Down」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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